Classical Chinese Carpets

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The "classical" period of Chinese carpets dated from the early 15th century to the middle of the
18th century; from Yongle in the Ming Dynasty to the late Yongzheng period in the Qing Dynasty. Chinese carpets made during this period are considered to have reached the summit of carpet-making art in Chinese history.

During the Yongle period, the palaces of the Forbidden City were built. The craftsmen of the official carpet-making department specially designed carpets for the palaces. Carpet-making reached an artistic peak during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619). During this period, the carpets were made with distinctive features- thick and heavy with the long knotted piles, and plied silk was utilized for warps. In the Qing Dynasty, when Emperor Kangxi was on an expedition to the west, he passed by Ningxia, a carpet-making center at the time. As a result, he became interested in the carpet-making process. Since then, Ningxia became the center of weaving carpets for the court in Beijing (i.e., the Forbidden City). Ningxia carpets are thin and soft, with unique woven borders and foundations. The materials are superb, the design and colors are elegant and harmonious, highly artistic and collectible. In the carpet world, "Old Ningxia" has become synonymous with Classical Chinese Carpets.

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The surviving "classical" period of Chinese carpets may not exceed 600 pieces, rare and precious. In the past century or so, many of these Chinese antique carpets have made their way overseas, appearing in antique auctions from time to time and being acquired by museums and private collectors. China's carpet culture, as well as the ancient art of dyeing and weaving, are fascinating.

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In 2005, the East Asian Art Museum in Cologne, Germany, held a special exhibition, "Glanz der Himmelssöhne-Kaiserliche Teppiche aus China 1400-1750", the most important exhibition for ancient Chinese carpets. This exhibition brought together 68 examples of the rarest and most exquisite royal carpets from China's "Classical period." Such rich and precious works of art are unsurpassed.

The exhibition's preface states: "In the history of East Asian art, Chinese knotted carpets are one of the subjects that have hardly been explored.… Carpets have never been respected enough, and as such, their place in art history remained little known. Their beauty is superficially admired, but their meaning and tradition are still a mystery. However, this medium has been their only artistic expression for more than two thousand years for millions of people. We hope that projects like this one can inspire others to study this topic in more depth. There is no doubt that the touching beauty of ancient woven masterpieces is undeniable, and it is hoped that these brilliant works of art will receive wider attention and appreciation."
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